Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks

Presentation on theme: "Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks"— Presentation transcript:

1 Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks
Chapter 13 Chapter 13 Week 11 Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks Chapter 13 in Subramanian, Gonsalves & Rani (2010). You ignore the slides from 11 to 32 and from 76 to 82 so do not consider: Management of Cable Network Management of Passive Optical Network 27 slides removed = 56 *

2 Objectives (Wired) Broadband access networks
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks Objectives (Wired) Broadband access networks Cable or HFC (hybrid fiber cable) network ADSL (asymmetrical digital subscriber line) network PON (passive optical network) Cable access network Popular in North American continents “Triple play” service can be provided DOCSIS (data over cable system interface specifications) standards ADSL Predominant throughout the rest of the world Uses conventional telephone local loop medium Broadband voice and data services Adopts IETF and DSL forum standards VDSL2 for performance improvement of broadband service PON PON deployment configurations Ethernet-based PON, EPON EPON protocol architecture EPON management EPON MIBs

3 BROADBAND ACCESS NETWORK
We learned the general concepts about broadband wide area network (WAN) and services in the previous chapter. We will now address the basics of technologies and management of access networks in this chapter. As shown in Figure 12.1 in the last chapter, three different types of customers have access to the broadband network. The first type is a corporate or enterprise user who has a campus-wide network. The second type is the service provider. The third type is a residential and small business customer, who has multimedia requirements. However, they typically have neither a sophisticated LAN environment nor large bandwidth requirements in both directions. In the first customer type, access to broadband WAN for corporate or enterprise customers is accomplished by an optical fiber link from the WAN router or switch to a campus device, which could be either a switch or a router. The second type of user, a service provider, can be one of several choices: a cable operator, or a local exchange carrier or telephone company, or a multiple system operator (MSO) who multiplexes several services, such as telephony, video, and data services. The interface to the WAN in this case is via a gateway. The physical link between the gateway and the WAN depends on the demographic configuration. The third type of customer, namely residential and small business office, is the focus of broadband access network and technology. We will address the wired access networks including passive optical network (PON) in this chapter. We will cover wireless access networks in Chapter 14. Access networks to customer premises from the backbone MPLS/ATM/IP WAN are shown in Figure One of the access networks is the OC-n/STS-n links. It generally has a router or a switch at either end of the access network. It is primarily used for enterprise connection. Four categories of access technologies are currently available either in deployable or developmental stage for connection to residential and small and medium business customers. Two access networks that are extensively deployed now are networks based on HFC (Hybrid Fiber Coaxial)/cable modem (CM) and digital subscriber line (DSL). Figure 13.1 also shows the third and fourth access networks, which are a wireless customer network and a PON, which are in the early stage of deployment and are trailing behind cable and ADSL. Another method of getting broadband service to home is via a satellite communication network. This is primarily one-way to the customer location and is not easily amenable for interactive broadband communication due to large propagation delay.

4 Broadband Access Networks
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks There are four modes of access using four different technologies. As shown in Figure 13.2, they are cable, DSL, wireless, and PON communication. Satellite communication technology is not presented in the figure as it is not deployed as access network to home and SME. Cable access network technology uses television transmission facilities and CMs. Cable access network could be implemented as either one-way with telephony-return or two-way. The DSL has three different implementations and is generally referred to as xDSL, where x stands for asymmetric (A), high-speed (H), or very high data rate (V). All are based on using existing local loop telephone facilities. Wireless access technology uses wireless transmission for the downstream link to the customer site and either wireless or telephony-return for the upstream link from the customer site. Wireless access network can be implemented either as fixed wireless or mobile wireless. PON technology is technically ready for commercial deployment, but has been delayed due to business considerations of cost and lack of need for large bandwidth to residential customers. Broadband Access Networks Notes Access network between WAN and home network Four access network technologies OC-n an extension of WAN for enterprise

5 Broadband Access Technologies
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks Broadband Access Technologies Notes Cable popular in North America ADSL more extensively deployed elsewhere in the world Wireless: Fixed: MMDS, LMDS, and WiMax Mobile: CDMA, GPRS PON on fiber medium

6 Cable Access Network Notes Head end:
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks Chapter 13 HFC (Hybrid Fiber Coaxial)/cable modem (CM) Cable Access Network CM technology, also known as HFC technology, is based on existing cable television (cable TV or CATV) technology. Originally, cable TV systems were built on coaxial cable facilities from the head end of the MSO to the customer premises and used a tree structure. the signal is brought to a fiber node via a pair of optical fibers and then distributed via a coaxial cable to the customer premises. In Figure At the head end, signals from various sources, such as traditional satellite services, analog and digital services using WAN, Internet service provider (ISP) services using a private backbone network, and voice-over-IP service are multiplexed and up-converted from an electrical (radio frequency (RF)) to an optical signal. Communication is one way on the optical fiber. There is a pair of optical fibers from the head end to the fiber node, each carrying one-way traffic in the opposite direction. The optical signal is down-converted to an RF at the fiber node and travels over the coaxial cable in a duplex mode. The signal that goes from head end to the customer premises is called the downstream signal or the forward path signal, and the signal going from the customer premises to the head end is called the upstream signal or the reverse path signal. The coaxial cable is a shared access medium and is designed to carry signals up to tens of kilometers. The signal is amplified on the way in both directions, as shown in Figure At the customer premises there is a network interface unit (NIU), also referred to as network interface device (NID), which is the demarcation point between the customer network and the service provider network. The analog signal is split at the NIU. The TV signal is directed to the TV and the data to the CM. The CM converts the digitally modulated analog carrier signal to an Ethernet output feeding a PC or an IP telephone either directly or using a home distribution network, such as a LAN. Notes Head end: Signals from multiple sources multiplexed Frequency conversion for local signal Traffic Flow: Downstream: Head end to NIU Upstream: NIU to head end Network interface device (NID) / unit (NIU): Demarcation point between customer network and service provider networks Cable modem: RF Ethernet, voice-over-IP, and video *

7 Table13.1 Comparative Data Transmission Speeds
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks HFC (Hybrid Fiber Coaxial)/cable modem (CM) Comparative Speeds The broadband cable access system with the CM can process data at a much faster rate than a conventional telephone modem or integrated services digital network (ISDN). A typical comparative data transmission rate to transmit a single 500 kilobyte message is shown in Table 13.1. HFC technology is based on HFC transmission medium and mode; CM at customer premises; cable modem termination system (CMTS) at the head end; and radio-frequency spread-spectrum technique to carry multiple signals over HFC to handle multimedia services of telephony (voice), television (video), and computer communication (data). Table13.1 Comparative Data Transmission Speeds Notes The fiber node is connected to households via a multipoint coaxial cable. As signals arc attenuated and dispersed (with frequency), there are amplifiers inserted in the coaxial cables. Since the coaxial cable supports traffic in both directions, in contrast to the fiber that supports one-way, the amplifiers have to be two-way amplifiers, as shown in Figure 13.3.Amplifiers enable coaxial cable systems to be extended to tens of miles. The last section of the HFC plant consists of the section from the coax running along the street to the NIU in the house, referred to as "tap-to-TV" in CATV.

8 Cable Access Network Technology
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks Cable Access Network Technology Broadband 2-way cable access network Asymmetric bandwidth allocation for 2-way communication Transmission Mode Downstream: TDM broadcast mode Upstream: TDMA / S-CDMA RF spread-spectrum that carries multiple signals over HFC RF spectrum allocation to carry multimedia services - voice, video, and data Notes

9 Figure 13.4 Two-way Transmission in a Coaxial Cable
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks Figure 13.4 shows the architecture of several CMs communicating with each other on a coaxial cable. Although the modems share a common coaxial cable to communicate in both directions, the figure shows the downstream (forward) and upstream (reverse) paths separated to represent the concept clearly. The downstream and upstream paths are separated in the frequency spectrum, downstream signals MHz and upstream signals 5-42 MHz The downstream bandwidth of a channel is 6 MHz, while the upstream bandwidth is variable based on implementation. It ranges from 200 kHz to 3.2 MHz. CMs receive the signal in the downstream signal band and transmit in the upstream signal band. Let us trace the path of Cable Modem B sending a message to Cable Modem A. The message first goes past Cable Modem A (because A cannot pick up the signal from the bottom path in the figure) to the head end, where it is converted to the downstream band frequency and retransmitted. Cable Modem A then sees the message addressed to it from B coming in the downstream (from the top in the figure) and picks it up from the medium. If the message is to be transmitted outside the cable access network, the head end, acting as either a bridge or a router, redirects it appropriately. Information is carried in the coaxial cable in a shared mode. The unique address and other security features protect the privacy of information for each, as the information can be detected and decoded only by the intended user. Cable Access Network Figure Two-way Transmission in a Coaxial Cable Notes Single physical medium, 2 logical data streams Downstream 6 MHz / 8 MHz channels Upstream Variable speed channels 160 kbps to 5.2 Mbps Downstream TDM broadcast mode Upstream TDMA in DOCSIS 1.0 and 1.1 Upstream S-CDMA in DOCSIS 2.0

10 Digital-to-Analog Encoding
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks Digital-to-Analog Encoding The CM modulates and demodulates the digital signal from the customer's equipment to the RF signal that is carried on the cable. There are three modes of modulation schemes. They are amplitude shift keying (ASK), frequency shift keying (FSK), and phase shift keying (PSK). Variations and combinations of these schemes are used in CM technology Of these, the more common modulation techniques used are quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). Figure 13.5 shows the basic concept. A digital signal, for example from a computer, is converted to an analog signal by the modem, in our case a CM. The converted analog signal modulates an RF carrier. The modulated signal occupies a band of frequencies around the carrier frequency, shown as the channel bandwidth. For example, if the digital signal in Figure 13.5 varies at a rate of 1 Mbps, alternating between 0 and 1,its baseband is 1 MHz. It is frequency modulated with a carrier frequency of 100 MHz. The modulated RF signal will have a carrier frequency of 1 00 MHz and a channel bandwidth of 1 MHz. At the receiving end, the receiving modem converts the signal back to the original digital format. We should clearly understand telecommunication transmission terminology used in managing and evaluating modems. They are bit rate, baud rate, carrier frequency, and bandwidth. The bit rate is the number of bits per second that traverses the medium. The baud rate is the signal units (symbols) per second. The bit rate is baud rate times the number of bits per symbol. The input signal could also be quantized into multiple levels, for example, into four levels (22). We would then need two bits to represent each signal unit (00, 01, 10, and 11). Information is carried as a digital RF signal by modulating the baseband signal by the RF carrier. For example, in the ASK method, the carrier frequency is turned on and off for each bit representing 1 and 0. Notes bit rate symbol (baud) rate number of levels n = 2k; k.. number of bits per symbol bit rate = symbol rate x k

11 Modulation Schemes Notes Basic modulation techniques
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks Modulation Schemes Basic modulation techniques ASK (Amplitude Shift Keying) FSK (Frequency Shift Keying) PSK (Phase Shift Keying) Cable technology uses QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) Notes QPSK Quadrature phase shift keying Four levels ( 00, 01, 10, 11) Relatively insensitive to noise Used for low-band upstream 8 MHz channel: 8x2 = 16 Mbps QAM Quadrature amplitude modulation (not 4-levels) Combination of AM and PM 16-QAM = 8 PM x 2 AM or 4 PM x 4 AM Used for higher-band downstream 8 MHz channel 8x4=32 Mbps

12 Table 13.2 Cable Modem Speeds
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks Cable Modem Table Cable Modem Speeds Version DOCSIS EuroDOCSIS Downstream Mbit/s Upstream 1.x 42.88 (38) 10.24 (9) Mbit/s 55.62 (50) 10.24 (9) 2.0 30.72 (27) 3.0 4 channel (+152) (+108) (+200) 8 channel (+304) (+400) Notes HFC uses tree topology Downstream in broadcast mode Upstream transmission by cable modem coordinated by head end Data-over-cable service specifications (DOCSIS) for cable modem ensures interoperability One-way cable modem uses telco-return * Network Management: Principles and Practice © Mani Subramanian 2010

13 Functions of Cable Modem Termination System
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks Functions of Cable Modem Termination System Equipment at the head end All cable modems terminated on the head end Gateway to the external network Multiplexes and demultiplexes signals Frequency converts upstream to downstream signals Can be configured either as a bridge or router Notes * Network Management: Principles and Practice © Mani Subramanian 2010

14 Network Management: Principles and Practice
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks HFC Plant Multiple fiber pairs run from head end to fiber node; each pair carries 2 one-way signals Head end converts all (telephony, digital video, data, and analog video) signals to optical carrier to transmit on the fiber Houses are connected from fiber node via coaxial cables Coaxial cable is in tree topology and carries 2-way signal Amplifiers on the coaxial cable have 2-way amplifiers that amplify the signals in both directions Drop from coaxial cable to NID (also called NIU) - called “Tap-to-TV” in CATV Notes * Network Management: Principles and Practice © Mani Subramanian 2010

15 Network Management: Principles and Practice
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks RF Spectrum Notes * Network Management: Principles and Practice © Mani Subramanian 2010

16 Data-over-Cable Standards
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks Data-over-Cable Standards Standards driven by CableLabs Two sets of standards to achieve interoperability DOCSIS (Data-Over-Cable Interface Specifications) DOCSIS 1.0 DOCSIS 1.1 DOCISS 2.0 DOCISS 3.0 IETF RFCs on MIBs CableLabs Projects Notes Open Cable: Specifies customer device, Hardware and software Packet Cable: Interoperable specifications for multimode real-time devices Cable Home: Interface specifications for extending DOCSIS services to home * Network Management: Principles and Practice © Mani Subramanian 2010

17 DOCS Reference Architecture
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks DOCS Reference Architecture Source: CableLabs Figure Data-Over-Cable System Reference Architecture Notes The architecture shows two-way (HFC link) and one-way (HFC link & telco return). * Network Management: Principles and Practice © Mani Subramanian 2010

18 Network Management: Principles and Practice
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks CMTS Components Notes Switch / router routes the traffic between cable modems and to the external network. It interfaces to CMTS via the terminator (term). Modulator (mod) and demodulator (demod) transform digital data from and to analog format. Combiner and splitter and filter perform the complementary functions of mux’ing and demux’ing. Transmitter converts the RF signals to optical carrier; receiver down-converts the optical signal. Servers handle the applications and databases. Security is managed by the security and access controller. OSS and element manager perform network and service management. * Network Management: Principles and Practice © Mani Subramanian 2010

19 Network Management: Principles and Practice
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks DOCS Interfaces Notes Three groups of interfaces: Data interfaces Cable modem to CPE (1) CMTS-NSI (2) Operations support systems and telco-return OSS (3) Telco-return (4) RF and security DOCS security system (5) RF interface (6) * Network Management: Principles and Practice © Mani Subramanian 2010

20 HFC Management: Challenges
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks HFC Management: Challenges More complex than either computer network or telecommunication network Involves both physical and data layers Multiple physical facilities Legacy cable system Multimedia service RF spectrum management Service and business management important for MSOs and customer Shared media impacts security and bandwidth Security and privacy of home network Notes * Network Management: Principles and Practice © Mani Subramanian 2010

21 HFC Protocol Architecture
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks HFC Protocol Architecture Figure Protocol-Layer Architecture in a Cable Access Network System Notes Head end has both NM applications and manager Cable modems have SNMP agents NMS can be regionalized; then, head ends could behave as RMONs * Network Management: Principles and Practice © Mani Subramanian 2010

22 Network Management: Principles and Practice
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks HFC / CM Management Cable modem management CMTS management HFC link management RF spectrum management Notes * Network Management: Principles and Practice © Mani Subramanian 2010

23 Network Management: Principles and Practice
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks CM Management MIBs Notes Three categories of MIBs Standard MIBs: system, interfaces, ifMIB CM and CMTS interfaces docIfMIB .. RF Interfaces in CM and CMTS, base line privacy and QoS docsTrCmMIB .. telephony-return interface CM and CMTS objects docsDev MIB * Network Management: Principles and Practice © Mani Subramanian 2010

24 Figure 13.12 DOCS Interface MIB
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks DOCS Interface MIB Figure DOCS Interface MIB Notes docsIfMIB supplements standard SNMP interfaces MIB Covers: CM and CMTS objects docsIfMIBObjects Baseline privacy MIB docsBpiMIB: Security & Privacy QoS MIB docsQosMIB: CM and CMTS QoS * Network Management: Principles and Practice © Mani Subramanian 2010

25 Figure 13.13 RF MAC Interface
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks RF MAC Interface Figure RF MAC Interface Notes Multiple RF channels upstream and downstream Layered structure Specified using RFC 2873 ifMIB ifType docsCable MAC layer 127 docsCable downstream 128 docs upstream 129 * Network Management: Principles and Practice © Mani Subramanian 2010

26 Figure 13.14 DOCS Cable Device MIB
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks DOCS Cable Device MIB Figure DOCS Cable Device MIB Notes * Network Management: Principles and Practice © Mani Subramanian 2010

27 Table 13.6 DOCS Cable Device MIB
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks DOCS Cable Device MIB Table DOCS Cable Device MIB Notes * Network Management: Principles and Practice © Mani Subramanian 2010

28 Link and Spectrum Management
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks Link and Spectrum Management HFC Link Management Signal strength critical Requires continuous monitoring of amplifiers using transponders (CheetahNet) Legacy system requires proxy server RF Spectrum Management Allocation of spectrum for services - upstream and downstream Frequency agility management Notes * Network Management: Principles and Practice © Mani Subramanian 2010

29 Network Management: Principles and Practice
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks DOCSIS 1.0 / 1.1 Key differences between DOCSIS 1.0 and 1.1 Quality of Service – 8 levels Dynamic Services Fragmentation of upstream packet per CM basis Concatenation of packets Payload Header Suppression of repeated header IP Multicast using IGMP CM Authentication SNMPv3 security View-based access control and management (VACM) CM Account Management Fault Management Secure Software Notes * Network Management: Principles and Practice © Mani Subramanian 2010

30 Network Management: Principles and Practice
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks DOCSIS 2.0 and 3.0 DOCSIS 2.0 Enhancements on improving the performance of upstream traffic Efficient modulation techniques using two protocols: Synchronous CDMA (code division multiple access) Asynchronous TDMA (time division multiple access) DOCSIS 3.0 Introduction of IPv6 management Enhanced OSS interface Accounting management – Usage-based billing: SAMIS (Subscriber Account Management Interface Specification) IP Multicast Channel bonding Notes * Network Management: Principles and Practice © Mani Subramanian 2010

31 DOCSIS Documentation (Management Related)
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks DOCSIS Documentation (Management Related) SP-CMCI-I Cable Modem to Customer Premises equipment Interface (CMCI) Specification SP-CMTRI-I Cable Modem Telephony return Interface Specification CM-SP-L2VPN-I SP-CMTS-NSI-I Cable Modem Termination System - network side Interface specification SP-RFIv1-I CM-SP-DRFI-I RF Interface Specification CM-SP-BPI+-I Baseline Privacy Interface Specification CM-SP-OSSIv1.1-C CM-SP-OSSIv2.0-I CM-SP-M-OSSI-I CM-SP-OSSIv3.0-I OSS Interface Specifications RFC 4639 Cable Device MIB RFC 4547 Event Notification MIB RFC 4546 RF Interface MIB RFC 3083 RFC 4131 Baseline Privacy MIB draft-ietf-ipcdn-qos-mib-07.txt RFC 4323 Quality of Service MIB draft-ietf-ipcdn-tri-mib-00.txt, July 30, 1998 Telephony-return interface MIB for Cable Modems and CMTS RFC 4036 CMTS for Subscriber Management * Network Management: Principles and Practice © Mani Subramanian 2010

32 Network Management: Principles and Practice
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks Packet Cable VoIP Notes Packet Cable defines a platform to deliver IP services over DOCSIS * Network Management: Principles and Practice © Mani Subramanian 2010

33 Packet Cable Multimedia
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks Packet Cable Multimedia Notes Platform for multimedia over DOCSIS access network Application manager requests QoS on behalf of clients Policy managers authorize and commit QoS requests * Network Management: Principles and Practice © Mani Subramanian 2010

34 Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) Access Networks
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) Access Networks

35 DSL Access Technology Why is DSL attractive?
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks DSL Access Technology Why is DSL attractive? Shannon limit of data rate is 30,000 bps (3-KHz, 30 dB S/N channel) Digital transmission over loop (DSL) improves data rate 8-15 Mbps downstream Mbps upstream Limit on distance: max to 18,000 feet Notes

36 DSL Limitations Loop conditions with no direct copper to the house
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks DSL Limitations Loop conditions with no direct copper to the house Loaded coils in loop (used to increase analog distance) cannot carry digital signal Modern subdivisions have fiber to the neighborhood or curb with digital mux Operating company inventory dated (administrative issue) Notes Symmetric high data rate digital subscriber line (SHDSL) operates at Tl or El data rate in a duplex mode with two pairs of wires [RFC 3276], The duplex mode is defined as two-way communication with the same speed in both directions. Symmetric HDSL operates with two pairs, one for each direction. SHDSL typically operates at rates from 256 Kb/s to 6 Mb/s upstream and downstream. VDSL operates asymmetrically. As in ADSL, the downstream signal has a larger bandwidth and is at the high end of the spectrum, whereas the upstream is at the lower end of the spectrum with a lower bandwidth for the signals. VDSL 2 has long- and short-range implementation, the former being asymmetrical and the latter being symmetrical.

37 Table 13.8 DSL Technologies
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks xDSL Technologies Table DSL Technologies Name Meaning Max Data Rate* Mode Cable Applications ADSL / ADSL2 / ADSL2+ Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line 7/12/24 Mbps 0.8/1/1 Mbps Down Up 1-pair Most common type SHDSL Symmetric High data rate DSL 5.6 Mbps Duplex 2-pair Business Connections VDSL 1 Km Very high data rate Digital Subscriber Line 55 Mbps 15 Mbps Triple Play (No QoS) VDSL2- Long Reach 3 Km 30 Mbps Short Reach 500 m 100 Mbps * Max Data Rate as per Broadband Forum Notes Basic asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) architecture consists of an unloaded pair(s) of wires connected between a transceiver unit at the central office and a transceiver unit at the customer premises. This transceiver multiplexes and demultiplexes voice and data and converts the signal to the format suitable for transmission on the ADSL link. Table 13.8 [Broadband Forum] shows various forms of DSL and their characteristics. ADSL 2 and ADSL 2+ are enhancements to ADSL.

38 ADSL Network Notes ADSL .. Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks ADSL Network the asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) is the technology that is being deployed now in most of the world. A simplified access network using ADSL is shown in Figure and consists of an ADSL transmission unit (ATU) and splitter at each end of the ADSL line. The ATU acronym has also been expanded in print as the ADSL transceiver unit as well as the ADSL terminating Unit The ATU at the central office is ATU-C and the one at the customer residence is ATU-R. The ATU is also called the ADSL modem. The data and video signal from the broadband network is converted to an analog signal by the ATU-C and multiplexed and demultiplexed. The splitter at the central office combines the plain old telephone service (POTS) voice signal and the broadband signal. The reverse process occurs at the splitter and ATU-R at the customer premises (residence). There are modems available that embed the splitter and thus eliminate a separate splitter at the customer site. This configuration is referred to as ADSL-Lite, also known as GLite. Notes ADSL .. Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line ATU-C ADSL transmission unit - central office ATU-R ADSL transmission unit - remote/residence Splitter separates voice and data

39 ADSL Spectrum Allocation with Guard Band
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks ADSL Spectrum Allocation with Guard Band There are two schemes for separating the upstream and downstream frequency bands: frequency division multiplexing (FDM) or echo cancellation. In FDM, after separating the upstream and downstream bands, each band is then divided into one or more high-speed channels and one or more low-speed channels. In echo cancellation, upstream and downstream bands overlap, but are separated by a technique known as echo cancellation. Using echo cancellation, the low frequency end of the spectrum is made available for downstream, thus increasing the overall downstream spectral band. Figure ADSL Spectrum Allocationd (FDM) Notes POTS .. Plain old telephone service

40 ADSL Spectrum Allocation with Echo Cancellation
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks ADSL Spectrum Allocation with Echo Cancellation Figure ADSL Spectrum Allocation (Echo Cancellation) Notes Echo cancellation separates upstream and downstream signals Increases (low-frequency) upstream bandwidth

41 Modulation Schemes Notes Carrierless amplitude phase (CAP) modulation
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks Modulation Schemes Carrierless amplitude phase (CAP) modulation Discrete MultiTone modulation (DMT): 4kHz tones Both CAP and DMT are QAM-based DMT outperforms CAP Higher downstream throughput > 4 times Higher upstream throughput > 10 Rate adaptive Ongoing active monitoring Maximum loop variation coverage Standard and hence interoperability Notes Within the upstream and downstream bands, individual channels are allocated a multiple of 4 kHz band using either the standard discrete multitone (DMT) or carrierless amplitude phase (CAP) modulation.

42 Chapter 13 Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks
DSL / Broadband Forum ADSL (now Broadband) Forum is an industry consortium formed to Achieve interoperability Accelerate DSL implementation Address end-to-end system operation Security Management 3 sets of complementary standards adopted ITU-T standards G.992.x G.997.x T1-413 (ANSI) Forum Standards Technical reports TR-xxx IETF standards RFC xxxx Notes

43 Selected Documentation from DSL / Broadband Forum
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks Selected Documentation from DSL / Broadband Forum Table ADSL Management Documents TR-001 ADSL Forum System Reference Model May 1996 TR-005 ADSL Network Element Mgmt March 1998 TR-015 CAP Line Code Specific MIB February 1999 TR-024 DMT Line Code Specific MIB June 1999 TR-027 SNMP-based ADSL LINE MIB September 1999 TR-028 CMIP Specification for ADSL Network Element Mgmt May 1999 TR-066 ADSL Network Element Mgmt (Update to TR-005) March 2004 TR-090 Protocol Independent Object Model for Managing Next Generation ADSL Technologies December 2004 TR-113 MCM Specific Managed Objects in VDSL Network Element December 2005 TR-128 Addendum to TR-090 September 2006 Notes * Network Management: Principles and Practice © Mani Subramanian 2010

44 Figure 13.17 VDSL Access Network
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks telephone companies would offer VDSL service, as shown in Figure This has the benefit of providing greater bandwidth. The signal traverses the optical fiber medium from the central office to the optical network unit (ONU) in the neighborhood carrying multiple channels. It is demultiplexed at the ONU and fed through VDSL modems and twisted-pair cable to the residence VDSL Network Figure VDSL Access Network Notes Used in FTTN configuration Asymmetric band allocation (similar to ADSL) Fiber carries multiple channels to ONU Channels demultiplexed at ONU and carried to customer premises on multiple twisted pairs Shorter distance of multiple twisted pairs Higher data rate Mbps downstream and Mbps upstream

45 ADSL Network Broadband Forum's view of how ADSL access network fits into the overall network for broadband services is presented in Figure It shows the components of the overall network comprising private, public, and premises network and the role that ADSL access network plays in it. The networking side of the service providers consists of service systems, different types of networks that are behind the access node, the operation systems (OS) that perform the operations, administration, and maintenance (OAM) of the networks and access nodes, and the ATU-Cs. The customer premises network comprises ATU-R, premises distribution network (PDN), various service modules (SM), and terminal equipment (TE). On the bottom of Figure are shown five transport modes that depict an evolutionary process from a primitive synchronous transfer mode (STM) to an all ATM mode. The service systems are on a private network providing on-line services, Internet access, LAN access, interactive video, and video conference services. The private network interfaces with the public network, which is broadband (such as SONET/SDH), narrowband (such as Tl/El), or packet network (such as TP). The access node is the concentration point for broadband, narrowband data, and packet data. It is either located in the central office or a remote location such as ONU. The access node could include ATU-Cs, such as in a digital subscriber loop access multiplexer (DSLAM). The access network commences at the access node and extends up to PDN in the customer premises. The premises network starts from the network interface at the output of ATU-R. The PDN, which is part of the home network, could be a choice of a LAN, twisted-pair cable, optical fiber or a combination of these. SM, such as set-top boxes and ISDN, perform the terminal adaptation functions to the TE. five transport modes Notes

46 Transport Modes Notes Synchronous transport mode (STM)
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks Transport Modes There are five transport modes presented in Figure At the top is what the ADSL Forum termed synchronous transfer mode (STM),which is the bit synchronous transmission mode. An example of this is the bit pipe such as Tl/El, ISDN, or a simple modem. In this mode, the PDN outputs strictly bits out of the SM; and the access node delivers and receives bits to and from the narrowband network. The second transport scheme is the end-to-end packet mode such as IP packets. In this mode, SM are expected to deliver packets to the ADSL access network through PDN. This is probably one of the most common usages of the Small Office Home Office (SOHO) network. Digital data terminals are interconnected via an Ethernet LAN PDN, and packets are delivered to the ADSL access network via a router. The reverse process occurs at the access node to the network interface. The next two transport modes are hybrid modes. Output to the network from the access node is the ATM. The SM at the premises network delivers either a bit synchronous output or a packet output. The fifth, and last, mode of transport scheme is the end-to-end ATM, where SM put out cells instead of packets. We would expect the home network in this case to be wired with optical fiber. Synchronous transport mode (STM) Bit synchronous transmission (T1/E1) End-to-end packet mode Used for SOHO (IP packets) ATM / STM ATM WAN (Public network) and STM access network ATM / Packet ATM WAN and packet access network (IP) End-to-end ATM Notes

47 ADSL System Reference Model
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks ADSL System Reference Model Interesting aspects of the ADSL system reference model shown in Figure are the interfaces between components of the ADSL network and interfaces between ADSL access network and external networks. There are five basic interfaces: V, U,T, B, and POTS. Vc is the interface between the access node and the network and is usually a physical interface. VA is the logical interface between ATU-C and the access node. There are several U interfaces shown in Figure They are all off the splitters. POTS interfaces are also from the splitters as shown. The B interface is for auxiliary data input Notes

48 Interfaces An interface can have multiple physical connections
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks Interfaces An interface can have multiple physical connections V interface VC interface between access node and external network and interfaces U interfaces - off the splitters; Will be eliminated with ADSL-Lite POTS interfaces – low-pass filter interfaces for POTS T and B are customer premises network interfaces T between PDN and service modules B auxiliary data input (e.g., satellite feed) Notes ADSL-Encoding Schemes ADSL management is dependent on the line-encoding scheme There are two encoding schemes used in ADSL line encoding. They are carrierless amplitude and phase (CAP) modulation and discrete multitone (DMT) technology. Both are based on the QAM scheme

49 ADSL Channeling Schemes
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks ADSL Channeling Schemes There are two perspectives in discussing transport channels in an ADSL access network. The first perspective is the traditional transport bearer channels as they are defined in ISDN. For ADSL transport frames, there are seven "AS" bearer channels defined for the downstream signal operating in a simplex mode. The second perspective in discussing the channels is how the signal is buffered while traversing the ADSL link. Real-time signals, such as audio and video, use a fast buffering scheme and hence are referred to as the fast channel. Digital data that could tolerate delay use slow buffers that are interleaved between the fast signals. The digital data channel is referred to as the interleaved channel. ATU-R ATU-C Downstream bearer channels Duplex bearer channels ATU-R ATU-C Fast channel Interleaved channel Figure ADSL Channeling Notes Transport bearer channels Seven AS downstream channels multiples (1-, 2-, 3- or 4-) T1 rate of Mbps Three LS duplex channels , 384, and 576 Kbps Buffering scheme Fast channel: uses fast buffers for real-time data Interleaved channel: used for non-real-time data Both fast and interleaved channels carried on the same physical channel

50 Management Reference Model
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks Management Reference Model Notes Figure shows the ADSL system reference model that is used in the ADSL management framework.

51 ADSL Network Management Elements
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks ADSL Network Management Elements Management of elements done across V-interface: Management communications protocol across V-interface Management communications protocol across U-interfaces Parameters and operations across ATU-C Parameters and operations across ATU-R ATU-R side of the T interface Notes Note addition of physical layer and switching in the management architecture representation Management of physical layer involves: Physical channel Fast channel Interleaved channel Management of type of line encoding DMT CAP

52 Configuration Mgmt Parameters
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks Configuration Mgmt Parameters Table ADSL Configuration Management Parameters Various parameters that need to be managed for configuration are listed in Table The table lists the component that the parameter is associated with, as well as whether it pertains to the physical line or fast or interleaved channel. A brief description of each parameter is given in the last column.

53 Signal Power and Data Rate Management
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks Signal Power and Data Rate Management There are five levels of noise margin — from the highest defined by the maximum noise margin to the lowest defined by the minimum noise margin Some modems support rate adaptation modes. There are three modes. Mode 1 is manual in which the rate is changed manually. In mode 2 the rate is automatically selected at start-up, but remains at that level afterwards. The last mode is mode 3 where the rate is dynamic based on the noise margin. noise margin Notes Five levels of noise margin Signal power controlled by noise margin Data rate: Increase or decrease based on threshold margins Data rate adaptation modes: Manual (1), automatic at start-up (2), and dynamic (3)

54 Table 13.11 ADSL Fault Management Parameters
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks Fault Management Table ADSL Fault Management Parameters Fault management parameters are shown in Table and should be displayed by the NMS. After the automatic indication of faults Notes Failure indication of physical channel by NMS Failure indication of logical channels Failure indication of ATU-C/R Self-test of ATU-C/R as per T1.413 Noise margin threshold alarms Rate change due to noise margin

55 Performance Management
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks Performance Management Table ADSL Performance Management Parameters Table shows the parameters associated with ADSL performance management. Notes Line attenuation Noise margin Output power Data rate Data integrity check Interleave channel delay Error statistics

56 Chapter 13 Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks
ADSL SNMP MIB There are both SNMP and CMIP based specifications that have been developed for ADSL. We will discuss the updated SNMP-based MIB

57 Proposed IF Types Notes ADSL Operational and Configuration Profiles
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks ADSL Operational and Configuration Profiles Proposed IF Types There are two MIB tables to address this issue — one for configuration profile and another for the performance profile. One of the tables is adslLineConfProfileTable {adslMibObjects 14}, which contains information on the ADSL line configuration shown in Table One or more ADSL lines may be configured to share common profile information. The three entries for the physical layer, the interleaved channel, and the fast channel for each ADSL line are represented by "i," "j," and "k" as discussed in Section Only the ADSL line entry contains the pointer to the configuration profile table. The ifStackTable is used to link channel entries and the corresponding physical layer to acquire the channel configuration parameters. Notes Sublayers handled by ifMIB ifStackTable {ifMib.ifMIBObjects 2} (RFC 1573) Propose ifTypes adslPhysIf ::= {transmission 94} adslInterIf ::= {transmission 124} adslFastIf ::= {transmission 125}

58 ADSL Interfaces Table ADSL Operational Configuration
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks ADSL Interfaces Table Table Use of Interfaces Table for ADSL Table shows the configuration of the operational file for ifType for each modem in setting up the fast and interleaved channels. An iflndex is associated with each channel. In a typical configuration of an ADSL system, the access node shown in Figure has hundreds of ATU-Cs. It would be impractical to provision all the parameters for each ATU-C individually. Table ADSL Operational Profile for ifType File ADSL Operational Configuration Line type Physical Fast Channel Interleaved Channel Number of Channels (1) Yes Fast only (2) Interleave only (3) Fast or Interleaved (4) Fast and Interleaved (5)

59 ADSL Profiles Management
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks ADSL Profiles Management Figure shows three nodes under adslLineMib. The first is the ADSL MIB objects that we have discussed. The other two are traps and conformance groups. Besides the generic traps, alarms are generated by the ATU-C and ATU-R for loss of frame, loss of signal, loss of power, errored seconds threshold, data rate change, loss of link duration threshold, and ATU-C initialization failure. These are specified in adslTraps MIB. Configuration profile Performance profile Alarm profile Traps Generic Loss of frame Loss of signal Loss of power Error-second threshold Data rate change Loss of link ATU-C initialization failure Notes

60 Configuration Profile: Mode I - Dynamic
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks Configuration Profile: Mode I - Dynamic Figure shows the dynamic mode, MODE-I, configuration profile scheme. Profile tables are created and indexed 1 to n. Each ADSL line interface, with the given value of iflndex, shown ranging from l to x shares the configuration profiles from 1 to n.

61 Configuration Profile: Mode II - Static
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks Configuration Profile: Mode II - Static The second mode, denoted by MODE-II, specifies the static mode of setting up ADSL configuration profile. Each ADSL line interface has a static profile, as shown in Figure

62 ADSL EMS-NMS Management
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks ADSL EMS-NMS Management The alarm profile could also be structured in a manner similar to the configuration profile. LCS MlBs for the DMT and CAP ADSL lines are described in TR-024 and TR-015. The tables and other information follow a similar structure and organization similar to that of the ADSL line MTB shown in Figure ADSL SNMP MIB as {adslMib Objects 1-15}. Notes TMN- and ATM-based model M4 is ATM Forum defined interface between public NMS and public network

63 ADSL2 and ADSL2+ Rate and reach Improvements
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks ADSL2 and ADSL2+ ADSL2 adds new features and functionality to improve performance and interoperability. Specifically, improvements include higher data rate, longer reach, rate adaptation, diagnostics, and power-saving stand-by mode. The data rate increase is achieved by improving modulation and coding efficiencies A downstream data rate of 12 Mbps and an upstream data rate of 1 Mbps can be achieved. A longer reach is accomplished at the expense of lower data rate. Rate and reach Improvements ADSL Speed Downstream/Upstream 1/.256 Mbps ADSL2 Standard G July 2002 ADSL2 Lite Standard G July 2002 Speed Downstream/Upstream 12/1 Mbps ADSL2+ Standard G January 2003 Speed Downstream/Upstream 24/2 Mbps Other Major Enhancements Diagnostics Power enhancements Rate adaptation Bonding for higher data rates Channelization and Channelized Voice-over DSL (CVoDSL) Additional Benefits Improved interoperability Fast startup All-Digital Mode Support of packet-based services

64 ADSL2 Rate and Reach Notes
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks ADSL2 Rate and Reach In ADSL2, modulation and framing layers are decoupled, which enables the transmission data rate to be changed without affecting the framing layer. Thus, data rate is changed dynamically based on the extent of external disturbing effects of crosstalk and other parameters such as radio, temperature, and water in the binder. Notes Data rate increase of 50 kbps or increase of feet reach achieved Programmable overhead ADSL 32 kbps ADSL kbps Higher coding gain from Reed-Solomon (RS) code

65 ADSL2 Power Enhancement
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks ADSL2 Power Enhancement Power saving is accomplished by the ADSL modems operating at three levels — very low-power sleep mode when there is no data transmission, medium-power mode when Internet traffic in the access network is normal; and high-power mode when traffic is heavy such as large file transfer. Notes Savings in ATU-C and ATU-R L0 Full power L2 Normal power L3 Sleep mode (user not on line)

66 Seamless Rate Adaptation
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks Seamless Rate Adaptation ADSL2 provides the ability to split the bandwidth into different channels with different link characteristics for different applications. ADSL2+ specifications double the downstream data rate to 2.2 Mbps by limiting the reach to under 5,000 meters. As VDSL does not completely satisfy the needs of triple play service, the Broadband Forum has created VDSL2+, which is a complex protocol and incorporates features and characteristics of ADSL, ADSL2+, and VDSL protocols. Notes Telephone cable in bundle of 25 or more Next and Fext can cause connection drop SRA (Seamless Rate Adaptation) decouples modulation and framing layers

67 Bonding for Higher Data Rates
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks Bonding for Higher Data Rates Notes Bonds two or more UTP using ATM IMA (Inverse Multiplexing for ATM) New sublayer between PHY and ATM

68 Other ADSL2 Enhancements
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks Other ADSL2 Enhancements Diagnostics by use of enhanced transreceivers Line noise Loop attenuation SNR (Signal-to-Noise ratio) Improved interoperability due to initialization of state machine Fast startup Transmission of ADSL data in the voice bandwidth Ethernet over ADSL2 Notes

69 Basic ADSL Management Model
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks Basic ADSL Management Model Notes Supports a simple and fixed channel Fast channel Interleaved channel or Both

70 Multichannel DSL Management
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks Multichannel DSL Management Figure shows the revised management model for the next generation technologies. Bearer channel parameters are decoupled from ADSL line parameters into independent profiles. Notes Decouple channel parameters from line parameters Up to four generic channels Flexible configuration Many combinations of parameters to manage

71 Passive Optical Network
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks Passive Optical Network

72 Passive Optical Network
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks Passive Optical Network Fiber Medium No active elements in the transmission medium Passive elements in the fiber medium Beam splitter – Lossy Wavelength Division Multiplexer (WDM) Notes The third "wired" broadband access network that we consider is the passive optical network (PON). It is not really wired but the copper is replaced with fiber, although PON can also be implemented on copper. Optical access networks use optical fiber transmission from the central office to the customer premises. The transmission path could have active elements such as regenerative repeaters or amplifiers. Passive elements such as a beam splitter or a wavelength division multiplexer (WDM).

73 Generic PON Architecture
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks Generic PON Architecture A generic representation of PON is shown in Figure It is the segment between the optical line termination (OLT) that is located in the central office (CO) and the ONU equipment that is located in the customer premises (CPE) or home. Notes Optical Line Termination (OLT) in central office Optical Network Unit (ONU) in customer residence Shared or dedicated optical path 1-way and 2-way transmission using separate physical or optical wavelength (λ) path Dedicated fiber (λ) vs. shared medium multiple (λ) 3 deployment configurations Dedicated fiber EPON WDM

74 PON Configurations: Dedicated Fiber
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks PON Configurations: Dedicated Fiber Figure shows three different schemes of PON. Figure (a) shows the configuration where fiber is run from an OLT to each ONU. In this case, ONU performs a similar function to the NIU as in the cable access network. Figure 13.31(a) PON Configuration (Point-to Point PON) Notes Dedicated fiber from OLT to each ONU ONU function similar to ONU in cable access network One-way in each fiber / Dual wavelength fiber for 2-way Expensive configuration

75 PON Configuration: EPON
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks PON Configuration: EPON In Figure 13.31(b), the ONU is a passive optical power splitter-combiner, which distributes the signal to multiple homes. The link between OLT and the passive optical splitter-combiner in this case uses Ethernet or ATM protocol. The Ethernet PON is called EPON. The optical signal between ONU and OLT in Figure 13.31(a) and (b) in two directions could be carried on two different wavelengths or on a pair of fibers. Figure 13.31(b) PON Configuration (EPON) Notes Shared optical fiber from OLT to power splitter / combiner Twisted pair or Cat-x cable from splitter / combiner to ONU Modified Ethernet MAC protocol for EFM (Ethernet First Mile) Downstream TDM and upstream TDMA MIB specified only for EPON

76 PON Configuration: WPON
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks PON Configuration: WPON Figure 13.31(c) shows the configuration where individual homes are served over different wavelengths. The WDM is the ONU that multiplexes and demultiplexes signals from and to homes. As we noted, different modes of transmission distribution are used in PON. APON is ATM-based, EPON is Ethernet-based, and PON-GPON is a hybrid that uses EPON and APON systems. The EPON network is also known as EFM (Ethernet in the First Mile). WDM PON is also termed as WPON. EPON transmission is done using Ethernet packets. Downstream is TDM broadcast mode and upstream is TDMA. EPON uses packets of variable size. TDM and TDMA use a fixed-window size and hence are not suitable. Figure 13.31(c) PON Configuration (WPON) APON is ATM-based, EPON is Ethernet-based Notes Shared single fiber from OLT to WDM Multiple (λ), one to each ONU DWDM (Dense WDM) special case of WDM

77 Network Management: Principles and Practice
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks EPON MAC Protocol Point-to-Multipoint architecture OLT with n virtual ports communicates with n ONUs Communication established through virtual tunneling Different from IP/SNMP used for traditional > ah Some management capabilities are embedded in Ethernet layer 802.3ah defines both physical and MAC layer Modified gigabit Ethernet protocol PON link based on shared optical fiber with optical splitter dividing the subscribers Multipoint control protocol embedded in MAC layer to control EPON subscribers Emulation layer creates virtual private path to each ONU FEC error correction 802.1d – modified bridge – in the MAC layer sets up peer-to-peer communication between OLT and ONU Management layer embedded in MAC layer for OAM Notes * Network Management: Principles and Practice © Mani Subramanian 2010

78 EPON Protocol Architecture
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks EPON Protocol Architecture Notes * Network Management: Principles and Practice © Mani Subramanian 2010

79 Managed EPON Protocol Architecture
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks Managed EPON Protocol Architecture * Network Management: Principles and Practice © Mani Subramanian 2010

80 Network Management: Principles and Practice
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks EPON MIB Notes * Network Management: Principles and Practice © Mani Subramanian 2010

81 Network Management: Principles and Practice
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks EPON Group Table EPON Group Entity OID Description (brief) dot3EponMIB Mib-2 155 EPON MAC dot3EponObjects dot3EponMIB 1 EPON MIB objects dot3MpcpObjects 802.3ah MPCP attributes dot3EmulationObjects dot3EponMIB 2 Point-to-point OMP emulation attributes dot3EponFecObjects dot3EponMIB 3 EPON FEC attributes dot3ExtPkgObjects dot3EponMIB 4 Configuration and status attributes of Extended EPON Notes * Network Management: Principles and Practice © Mani Subramanian 2010

82 ONU Interface MIB Example
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks ONU Interface MIB Example Table ONU Interface MIB Example Interface MIB Object Optical Interface Value ONU Interface Value ifIndex 1 100 ifDescr “Interface Description” ifType ethernetCsmacd (6) 1000base-Px ifMtu MTU size (1522) ifSpeed ifPhysAddress ONU_MAC_Address Notes * Network Management: Principles and Practice © Mani Subramanian 2010

83 OLT Interface MIB Example
Chapter Broadband Network Management: Wired and Optical Access Networks OLT Interface MIB Example Table ONU Interface MIB Example Interface MIB Object Optical Interface Value ONU Interface Value ONU Broadcast Interface Value ifIndex 2 200001 200002 265535 ifDescr “Interface Description” ifType ethernetCsmacd (6) 1000base-Px ifMtu MTU size (1522) ifSpeed ifPhysAddress OLT_MAC_Address Notes * Network Management: Principles and Practice © Mani Subramanian 2010